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Calculus is a branch of mathematics which is study of motion and variation. Calculus (originally called infinitesimal calculus or "the calculus of infinitesimals") has two major branches differential calculus and integral calculus. Differential calculus concerns instantaneous rates of change and the slopes of curves, while integral calculus concerns areas under or between curves. British mathematician Isaac Newton and German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz developed independently in the late 17th century. Calculus is an essential component of other areas of study, such as physics, chemistry, biology, economics, finance, or actuarial science. Before Calculus, Math was Motionless Before calculus, math was motionless (or static). It could only help calculate objects like stationary. But the universe is constantly moving and changing. No objects—from the stars (in space) to cells (in the body) are always at rest. Everything in the universe is constantly moving. Calculus is the branch of mathematics enables us to study how things move, grow, expand, shrink or travel.

Did you know what's the meaning of calculus? Its original meaning is stone. It’s because in past, mathematical operations were performed on stones. Calculus is one of most famous branch of mathematics that studies rates of change and areas around curves. The discovery of calculus is often attributed by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz, who independently developed its foundations but Leibniz and Newton did not invent derivatives, integration, Taylor series, or even the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Then who invented the Calculus? Newton, Leibniz or an indian? No doubt modern calculus was developed in 17th-century Europe by Newton and Leibniz but elements of calculus is first appeared in ancient Egypt and later Greece, then in China and the Middle East, and still later again in medieval Europe and India. - Calculations of volumes and areas, one goal of integral calculus, can be found in the Egyptian papyrus (1820 BC) - Greek mathematician Archimedes (287 – 212 BC) used the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under a parabola. - Chinese mathematicians Liu Hui find the area of a circle in the 4th century and Zu Chongzhi find the volume of a sphere in 5th century. - Muslim mathematician Hasan Ibn al-Haytham of middle east (Latinized as Alhazen 965 – 1040 CE) calculate the volume of a paraboloid. - Indian mathematicians of the Kerala school, stated components of calculus such as the Taylor series and infinite series approximations in 14th century. In fact, many mathematicians and philosophers going back to ancient times made discoveries relating to calculus. There was also a generation of European mathematicians that extensioned the Leibniz and Newton work like Barrow, Fermat, Pascal, and Descartes. Later work, some outstanding mathematicians (Bolzano and Cauchy) brought precision in limits and derivatives, similarly mathematicians (Riemann and Cauchy) work in integrals and Dedekind takes part with the creation of the real numbers.

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